¨What is the value of 8 as an exponent in 18,560 using powers of 10?¨
This question makes no sense at all, at any level of maths (or English).
You found that even Google (AI) was of no help!
As 'Thisismynewusernamedoyoulikeit' has explained, the value of 8 in 18,560 is 8,000 and 8,000 is 8 times 10^3.
If that was what was required, the question should have been worded as something like:
'The value of 8 in 18,560 can be written as A x 10^B. What are the values of A and B?'
A question can be challenging, but it has to be written properly.
Rather than your son, it is the teacher who has failed miserably.
Confusing your son with such questions could make him loose interest and confidence in a subject he is very good at.
You should email the teacher and ask -/-/----- how this question needs to be tackled and what the answer is.