Hi, OP -
I taught in a ‘public Ivy’ for about 15 years before coming to Britain for personal readons. I did a long stint as an admissions tutor in a highly ranked Russell group STEM school.
The ‘Ivy League +’ including Chicago, Stanford and MIT, do not do merit scholarships. How would they choose?
However a small number of top universities and elite four year colleges have ‘needs blind admissions’ that extends with parity to Overseas students. The typical threshold for covering full expenses is around $80-100K of annual parental income but the threshold for a full tuition waiver at Harvard and MIT has recently been raised to $200K. Some aid is available at higher income levels. Other universities may have similar programmes.
State universities (Berkeley etc) tend to focus their aid on in-state students.
We don’t have anything similar to the elite American four year colleges in the UK. The academics are highly qualified but at some point - in STEM, usually after a postdoc - they have taken the decision to focus primarily on teaching, secondarily on research. (At well known universities the teaching can be excellent but the priorities are reversed). The education can be fantastic and the best are extremelycompetitive. They are well known internationally, have fantastic networks, and do a great job of preparing students for the next stage of life. UGs are the focus and opportunities for them abound. Amherst is one that gives aid to Overseas students, IiRC.
A mum said not that long ago that with a DC at Oxbridge, a DC at an Ivy and a DC at one of these colleges, the college student was getting the best experience.
Any highly sporty DC who may be eligible for a sports scholarship is in a different category. I can’t advise on that.
The Fulbright Foundation is devoted to promoting bilateral educational opportunities between the US and the UK. I highly recommend their website, webinars, etc