basically bjb, the higher the GI number, the more sugar the food provides, so you look to eat foods with low GI values.
you need a good mix of carbs, proteins and fats, what you don't want are the spikes in blood sugar levels which high GI foods give.
type II is treated by adjusting your diet to take onboard less sugar so the amount of insulin you do produce can cope with the sugar you take in, high sugar spikes are what causes the damage. in type I, you take artificial insulin to make up for the lack of insulin your body produces. it is still important though to keep a check on the amount of sugar you eat as normally your body can produce more or less insulin as it needs to but with insulin jabs, you get a fixed amount so still need to avoid the spikes. sugars can be anything from basic glucose.dextose to complex carbs. complex carbs break down slowly so releasing the sugar potential over a longer time. simple carbs release sugar very quickly and can cause a massive leap in blood sugar levels.
diet is important in both types of diabetes but for different reasons.
nightcat, I would not overly worry about diabetes for your teenager at the moment. from the quicjk research done so far, diabetics are more susectible but it is not exclusive. the need to drink more as you always seem thirsty and therefore weeing a lot is common symptom almost 100% of the time in undiagnosed diabetics. if not got this then maybe smell the wee? undiagnosed diabetics often have strong amonia type smelling wee due to excess keytones in the urine, another main sign of diabetes. open weeping and scabby sores (not like the ones they have now), cravings for sugar, itchy skin (generally) and frequent headaches are other main symptoms in undiagnosed/untreated diabetes.
babyjjbaby, as your BM values have only gone over 10 twice in 2 months then I would not overly worry, you are only mildly diabetic and a change of diet should be enough with no meds needed.
www.diabetes.co.uk/diet-basics.html
www.healthy-diabetic-recipes.co.uk/diabetic_resources.htm
www.healthy-diabetic-recipes.co.uk/diabetic_resources.htm
there are many websites with dietry advice for diabetics both type I and II.
also many many books, www.amazon.co.uk/s/ref=nb_ss_b/026-8279910-1693225?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=type +2+diabetes
have a look, diabetes can be managed effectively and you need not be worried, my mum is a diabetic and I look aftyer her and her diet, after many years she has been stable and yet still eats cakes and biscuits etc, but the key is too eat in proportion, small amounts managed carefully still allow you to eat your favourite foods, but do not do this till you are stable and sure about how to control your diet.