Well it is not an immediate diagnosis for sure. Firstly it was put down to stress and anxiety, but I insisted that I didn't feel I had that. Palpitations and Afib have similar symptoms which makes Afib difficult enough to diagnose.
Anyway, the main difference is that Afib is a misfiring of electrical currents in the upper chambers of the heart and it can last a while, whereas palpitations can be momentary or just now and then (awful when you have them even for a few seconds though, I know). So I had ECG monitor. Nothing showed, then I felt dizzy weak and sweaty one day and thought I was having a cardiac arrest. Off I went to A+E and they had me on this and that monitor, ECG, cardiac echo and all sorts. My heart rate was 180 and it wouldn't come down. BP was ok, a bit on the high side but they weren't concerned as they put that down to me being frightened out of my wits! It was a pattern on the ECG that led to the diagnosis in the end.
So it is not easy to differentiate between benign palps and Afib, but with the right monitoring and the right specialists (electrophysiologists) they can.
I had a cardioversion (the paddles like on the TV "Clear!"), but that didn't work, and it often doesn't, so it was drugs and more drugs, eventually all was calmed down. I get occasional bouts even with the treatment, and it is terrifying, but I have strategies for dealing with the rapid beats and erratic rhythms. These can be used for palpitations also, and work very well for me most of the time.
I'm typing an essay now, so if anyone wants to know what I've been advised to do to help get rid of the palps I'll put it in another post.