One way to 'rebuild' the shortcuts would be to reinstall the software.
However, that could be quite drastic as a user may have created quite a lot of templates and could have done a lot of tailoring of their preferences within certain applications, and there's a real risk of losing those settings.
Some applications will 'give up' during the install because there is a version of the software already present, some may say 'do you want to uninstall' (that again might not work well if some files are moved/missing) and others might install without warning that it is wiping out anything previously saved.
Manually creating the shortcuts gets the job done, and should get easier as the task is repeated.
If this machine is the workhorse you have been using for years, had you thought of how to replace it when it (sorry to say it) dies?
There's only so much life in a hard drive and other components might go before that (eg a fan failure might mean the CPU overheats).
It's perhaps only a short-term 'fix' to get the shortcuts working, and you need (in my view) to consider getting some other machine running XP so you have a standby indoors.
On Ebay I've seen XP machines from 50 to 150 pounds (obviously you can find some costing much more, I was looking for some with 1 to 2 GB of RAM and 80 GB hard drive or better).
I hope you have some memory sticks or external drive so you can easily copy all your documents away "just in case".
If the bulk of your work is in small files, you may find some service like DriveHQ.com worth trying - they give 1 GB of storage for free (so you could back up hundreds of documents, they compress the documents as well as saving them on their storage, all the data gets transmitted via the internet, so be warned if you have a low data transfer limit from your ISP). There are others offering more storage, some for free, most wanting cash, but perhaps an investment for peace of mind and ready for you to 'retrieve' onto another PC just as soon as your old one is unusable.
JUST TO REMIND YOU - BE VERY CAREFUL IF YOU DECIDE TO REINSTALL ANY APPLICATIONS THAT YOU HAVE COPIES OF YOUR PREFERENCES AND ANY TEMPLATES OR SAMPLE FILES.
Sorry to shout, but reinstalling applications is quite easy to do, to get the shortcuts back, while having potentially dire consequences too!!