DS says:
There are so many things this could be, it is really hard to determine what the error is.
If it gave you the option to run a disk check, do it; this can often fix many errors, though takes a little time.
So fixing this is not too easy without physical access to the PC - a local techie store is probably your best bet. However, there are ways to get the files back - and without much hassle.
The main 2 methods are:
1)-Take out the hard drive inside the computer, get a second computer (a friends or whatever), and copy all the data off to another hard drive.
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Lurking dad posted something very similar, which will work.
This method is a little more complex, but can work just as well.
You will need:
-A second PC
-A blank CD
Download SLAX - www.slax.org - it's a cd that is it's own operating system, but does not need to be installed.
Burn the .iso to a CD, www.petri.co.il/how_to_write_iso_files_to_cd.htm
then put it in the system, and turn it on.
Plug in an external drive to back up all data to it.
There is an icon called SYSTEM on the deskop. Find the drive with the lesser storage (the bigger one is the external drive), and then copy everything to a new folder on your hard drive.
Turn off your computer, take out the hard drive and now you have a backup.
In the future though, make sure to regularly back up, incase this happens again!
Sorry if this isn't clear enough!