What should I do with these raspberry bushes for winter?

[elvedon]

I have a bunch of raspberry plants in my raised bed but I don't know how to prune them. I don't even know if they are summer or autumn plants as I understand they have different pruning needs.
As you can see they are still producing raspberries but they have been doing this all summer to a degree. It's hard to know because it's been a tough year with heatwave and lack of rain so they have hardly produced anything in a particular month.

Any raspberry boffins out there?

were all the stems with fruit on there at the start of the year, or have they all grown this year? (this is how you know whether they're summer or autumn raspberries!)

Ohh I'm not sure. I think most of them were there

ok, if you have some stems with fruit on now, do they look like new stems - green and fresh - or do they look brown and a bit drier?

green fresh looking stems with fruit on now - autumn raspberries
brown, drier-looking stems with fruit on now - summer raspberries

autumn raspberries bear fruit on new young stems each year, so you cut all of the stems on each plant (there will be multiple canes in a clump for each plant) right down to the ground in the spring, they then re-sprout and bear fruit on those new stems next autumn

summer raspberries bear fruit on older stems, so you cut back ONLY the stems that have fruited this year, again right to the ground, but leave any new-looking stems as they are, as they will carry the fruit next summer

if you can't decide once you've had a look don't worry, as you can just cut them all to the ground in the spring and then see what happens - if you have autumn ones they will produce fruit on the new stems next year, and if you have summer ones they won't produce fruit on the new stems next year, but they will the year after.

Hope that's all useful and not too confusing!

forgot - if you have summer raspberries they may still have some fruit but equally they may not this late in the year, it's the colour and freshness of the stems that's the important bit.

and if you decide they are summer ones, you prune them after they have borne fruit - so this year you should do that now, and in future years when you've stopped being able to pick fruit cut them back then.

Doesn't matter what type of raspberry canes if you just cut back to ground level any canes that have had fruit on them.

I hadn't thought of it like that @InMySpareTime , that makes sense, but...would it not risk stimulating growth of new stems too early in the year and them getting frosted? I'm in the north so possibly it's only a crucial difference here!

I wait till the spring and then cut out anything that looks dried and brown, and cut stems with shoots on back to a strong bud at about waist level. Mine seem to have 2 crops a year - summer and then autumn.

Nah, I'm in the north too, and just chop them as and when I have the time and energy.
We have a freakish raspberry that fruits from May/June to the first really hard frost. There are usually still a few on there at Christmas if autumn isn't too cold.

They just make new shoots if any get frosted.

Thanks so much for the replies!
Super helpful

If it's brown, cut it down.

Easy as that. I usually cut my raspberries down now ish, for tidiness, but in the interests of providing habitat for over-wintering beasties I'm going to leave it until spring this time.