Growing what you like to eat is a really good start!
I grew all sorts in pots before I got an allotment.
Use the biggest containers you can as watering is the most difficult bit to get right.
Tomatoes grow well in hanging baskets, tumbling Tom is good, one plant in a big basket.
Strawberries are v good in containers and salad is easy, just buy a mixed salad leaf vollection . Rocket is v easy.
Herbs are great as they are expensive, I have a bay grown from a counting from a friend, Rodemary, chives and oregano. I sow parsley every year, which grows surprisingly big, and basil and coriander.
Mint is easy but needs to be in a big pot.
Raspberries and blueberries worked well too.
If you go on a seed site there's lots of advice about container suitable varieties.