Yes, you can test food for nutrient density, using a refractometer, but why would you want to ? First, ndf tastes better, second it does not rot, but will dehydrate over time (tomatoes can be kept for 4 months at room temp on a shelf for eg), thirdly as you eat this type of food, you are not hungry after consuming as it has delivered the requisite minerals, so you are unlikely to get fat.
Where do you get it ?- well we as farmers are very slowly waking up to the fact certain people may want this tastey food, and we have to alter our land to be able to deliver this type of food. Currently the highest volume of produce achieved with the lowest input and sold for the highest price is the best possible outcome, but I am asking mumsnet if there are any takers for nutrient dense food before we start the change