At least three women have been murdered by men this week in the U.K.

[HoldingTheDoor]

There's also been an attempted murder of another woman and three children.

I am so fucking tired of reading about male violence against women and children.

Johanita Dogbey www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-65483270

Suzanne Henry www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-65491816

Maya Devi www.essexlive.news/news/essex-news/elderly-woman-found-dead-elm-8414418

Attempted murder of a woman and three children, currently unnamed www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cw5kpkpwylpo

I may have missed another victim . Apologies if so but I'm scared to look for fear that I'll read of another.

I am beyond done with this shit. I don't even have anything meaningful to say. I'm just way past disgusted.

not least because contrary to popular belief, violence produces testosterone, not the other way around

Any link for this? It contradicts the numerous studies that seem to suggest otherwise.

• For example, that injecting many mammals with testosterone increases territorial behaviour and aggression (last study I read was about male robins).
• That higher testosterone has an effect on the 'fight of flight' pathways.
• That neutering male animals is consistently shown to reduce aggression.
• That male elephants are significantly more aggressive during 'musth' when their testosterone rises by a factor of 4x.

And many others.

People on here often quote the feminist Cordelia Fine who (in addition to having an obvious feminist bias) is actually a psychologist not an expert in neuroscience.

About to go offline for the rest of today but for starters:

Is testosterone linked to human aggression?

From the abstract: Testosterone is often considered a critical regulator of aggressive behaviour. There is castration/replacement evidence that testosterone indeed drives aggression in some species, but causal evidence in humans is generally lacking and/or—for the few studies that have pharmacologically manipulated testosterone concentrations—inconsistent.

Relationship Between Testosterone and Aggression: A Meta-Analysis

Quote: This study re-examined the relationship between testosterone and aggression with a larger sample of studies than the three meta-analyses conducted by Archer, which found a weak positive relationship between testosterone and aggression…. The mean weighted correlation (r=0.14) corroborated Archer's finding of a weak positive relationship between testosterone and aggression.

Testosterone link to aggression 'all in the mind'

Quote: "Hormones provide a basic backdrop, but changes in levels will do little to behaviour compared to personality, culture and society."

[More on the same study can be found here: www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091208132241.htm]

It Turns Out There’s Not a Lot of Science Linking Testosterone to Violence

Quote: a growing body of evidence suggests that testosterone is as much the result of violence as its cause….

Testosterone and Aggression: The Relationship

Quote: Whilst, along with machismo and lust, aggressive behaviour is something conventionally associated with the male hormone, there is no straightforward scientific link between testosterone and aggression.

Strange but True: Testosterone Alone Does Not Cause Violence

Quote: Arguably, the weak correlation between testosterone and violence gives us reason to be optimistic about the human race: Whereas other animals battle over mates as a direct result of their seasonal fluctuations in testosterone and other hormones, humans have discovered other ways to establish pecking orders.

@AnnieKenney it's not true. There is a very clear link between increased testosterone and increased aggression. Hence why there are disproportionate no.s of XYY men in prison.

Feminists ignoring biology because it doesn't fit in with their ideology is just as annoying and limiting as tra's doing it.

@DisquietintheRanks, I'm not qualified to comment on this one way or the other, but you can't just reply to a post full of links to peer-reviewed articles in academic journals and say 'it's not true'. Are there scientists publishing the results of well-designed studies and systematic reviews in reputable journals that support your view? Please link to them if so.

This.
What we know is that men are more violent. What I understood by annekenney's links is that to say that all of that violence is caused by higher testosterone is so simplistic as to be unhelpful / wrong.

Correlation is not causation.

Oh, I can defo believe that social factors, personality, upbringing, substance/alcohol abuse, and many others things predict violence more reliably but there seem to be studies that also suggest testosterone increases aggression/criminal violence.

I think we also need to differentiate between the temporary fluctuation in adrenaline/testosterone caused by situations like competition, confrontation, etc, and between the effects of having a high baseline level of testosterone.

Here are some links from a previous discussion I read on here.

In case somebody asks if it's a chicken/egg situation with the violent offenders, it's worth mentioning that these studies are generally talking about individuals with a consistently higher level of circulating testosterone rather than the transient boost caused by psychological situations.

Being aggressive doesn't generally cause you to permanently become an individual with high testosterone (that's not how hormones work) but an individual with high testosterone could quite feasibly be more likely to react violently under pressure, even if other factors are more significant.

"When male robins enter the breeding season, their testosterone level rises. They become aggressive and amorous. Testosterone has remarkably similar effects on men."

www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-beast/200907/sex-violence-and-hormones?amp

"In non-human animals, the relationship between testosterone and aggression is well established."

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135917890000032X

"There is evidence that testosterone levels are higher in individuals with aggressive behavior, such as prisoners who have committed violent crimes."

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693622/

"We were able to show for the first time that increasing levels of testosterone within the normal physiological range can have a profound effect on brain circuits that are involved in threat-processing and human aggression"

www.elsevier.com/about/press-releases/research-and-journals/testosterone-in-healthy-men-increases-their-brains-response-to-threat

"Inmates who had committed personal crimes of sex and violence had higher testosterone levels than inmates who had committed property crimes of burglary, theft, and drugs. Inmates with higher testosterone levels also violated more rules in prison, especially rules involving overt confrontation."

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/019188699400177T