I have almost 25 years of personal experience in extended fasting. I wouldn’t use the word ‘extreme’, unless you go past 21 days.
My first fast was 7 days long. I had always been intrigued about the spiritual affects of longer fasting on my mind (I am an agnostic/atheist, so not refering to anything religious). When somebody then dared me to do it with them, I jumped at the opportunity. The first 1-3 days were tough (whilst my body was withdrawing from sugars), but then the hunger disappeared, my mind cleared up and it became easy. My body had switched from burning sugars (from what I ate) for energy, to burning fat from my body. Suddenly I had endless energy and felt great!
I felt wonderful after the 7 days, my mind was clear, focused, calm and happy. As an additional benefit I had lost about 3kg of fat too (not just water), and that stayed away.
This spurred me on and since then, I have done 1-2 extended fasts (5-14 days) a year for the past 25 years or so. I am currently half way through a 14 day fast, and loving it 🙂. I have never been under- or overweight, and have always been very healthy. My approach to food is healthy too. I certainly have never suffered from any kind of eating disorder, which some people seem to think is somehow related to fasting. It isn’t.
In recent years fasting has become more popular due to the undeniable health benefits based on scientific research. I was not aware of these benefits when I first started all those years ago. Longer fasts just made me feel so good that I felt they had to be good for me. Now having read a lot of the research and seen what fasting does physically, it has all clicked and I can see/understand why it felt so good.
Those who would like to know more, please read the books recommended above, and look into research by Jason Fung. Please also google autophagy, this is one of the top reasons why extended fasting is so good for you.
I am well into my middle age, and now I fast for autophagy, clarity and calmness of mind, and for dropping those stubborn lbs that keep creeping up at this age! I am so happy I found fasting all those years ago.
One last thing; anybody on any diet can fast, but it is easier if your body already burns fat for energy rather than sugars, which happens on ketogenic and low carb diets.