I am not a massive fan of altura. I have a laptop pannier of theirs, it is very annoying, it has an outer pocket that doesn't zip up, and if the bag is full with, err, for example, a laptop, then stuff falls out of it. Shit design! But at least I can carry my laptop without having a backpack.
My experience of their clothes hasn't been great either, but can't remember why now as it's years since I've owned any of their clothes.
Rapha on the other hand, I can't justify the prices of. Actually I tell a lie, I had a pair of their socks, that my MIL bought me. They were great, i wore them so much that I put a hole in them though.
My clothes at the mo are a mixture of Pearl Izumi, sugoi, Craft, Terry, Maloja and probably a few others.
Tubeless means just that, getting rid of inner tubes, but I think you have figured that out habbibu. You can run lower pressure, so more grip, no pinch flats, and put slime in and you shouldn't get flats really. but I have not done it, and I find it a bit daunting even though my expensive mountain bike has tubeless rims. Unlike most biking women i know, I do not have a biking other half who loves fettling bikes so I have to do it myself.
ssmile changing a gear cable is easy, you just thread it back through where it was! The only slight difficult bit is adjusting tension for the derailleur, this is dead easy to look up how to do on the net though, and it literally should be a matter of twizzling the barrel for the tension rather than having to fiddle with the limit screws, if it was set up correctly before. It sounds like if it was crunching maybe you need new outers too? It is quite easy and it's soooo lovely having new cables after they have been getting a bit shitty!
peaches do you mean for a hardtail? I ride cleats on all my bikes. Even for the most technical mountain biking, i have even done a downhill race (badly) in cleats. I hate riding without them, but I do have a pair of flat pedals that I'm planning on putting on my hardtail for playing around on. Oh and they all have mountain bike spds on them, even the road bike. As i can't be bothered with different shoes for different bikes. My commuter has the 2 sided jobbies, these are great for popping to town in normal shoes. I have never got on with the caged ones, that are 2 sided spds but with a cage round them, as I found in normal shoes you could still feel the cleat, and in cleats I was not comfortable not clipped in so it was kind of pointless.
Oh and peaches don't know where you are but I'd have thought one layer of full lenght leggings would be ok for keeping warm in current weather. What size are you? As I have a merino base layer I don't want, I think it's about a size 10. I just don't get on with merino, I find it itchy! I can just about cope with it for socks, but not base layers. I appear to be in a minority though.