Andorra, Liechtenstein and San Marino.

[hollyisalovelyname]

What do those countries do in relation to the EU?

Bump

Does it matter? The largest has a population of under 86,000.

Andorra, Monaco and San Marino are all outside the EU but have certain agreements in place to deal with borders, trade, currency etc.

Lichtenstein has a customs union with Switzerland, uses the Swiss Franc and is part of the EEA.

Yes it does matter.
They are surrounded by EU states but to my knowledge are not in the EU.
I'm thinking of Northern Ireland and Ireland and what will happen.

I can see why you are interested.

They're all wealthy, tiny tax havens or were until fairly recently. Financial services/very rich 'citizens' are their main source of income.

Andorra is just up the road from me. It's a strange place - home to tax exiles, ski resorts and scruffy shops flogging cheap fags and booze to French and Spanish people.

Incidentally, two thirds of the official population are immigrants who don't have a vote and whose rights are restricted in other ways. However, I suspect that the permant population is in any case smaller than the official population suggests. I know someone (sportsperson of minor fame) who theoretically lives there but in reality she spends much of the year elsewhere.