Eton - today's Times
"What is it about Eton? The school now has former pupils running both Church and State. Not only is the next Archbishop of Canterbury, the Rt Rev Justin Welby, an Old Etonian, but the Prime Minister, David Cameron, the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson and the new Government Chief Whip, Sir George Young, are also alumni.
The future King of England, Prince William, was educated at the school, as was the latest British Nobel Prize winner, Sir John Gurdon, who was bottom of his class. Six Olympic gold medal winners and the screen stars Damian Lewis and Dominic West went there. Even in fiction Old Etonians dominate: James Bond and Downton Abbey?s Lord Grantham. The school has created a YouTube sensation with Eton Style, which has had three million hits.
?Don?t forget about Captain Hook,? says Tony Little, the Head Master, his gown flapping as he leads us across a courtyard to his rooms after chapel. ?He was an Old Etonian ? plays up to all the myths.?
Mr Little is an OE. But the son of a Heathrow security guard and a secretary, who won a bursary to the school, says that Etonians can?t be stereotyped. ?There are many people who are not classically Etonian. There is much more diversity than people assume. Two of the best-known Old Etonians [Mr Cameron and Mr Johnson] may be a particular type, in the sense that they are in the same political party, both went to Oxford and were in the Bullingdon Club, but that is not a true reflection of the sheer range of characters, attributes, talents and social backgrounds ? up to a point. The great fun in a place like this is the mix.?
The secret of the school?s success, he says, is that it celebrates diversity. ?You may be a star rugby player but the boy who does the stage lighting is considered just as impressive. You can?t be trained for one specialism in life any more. You need a broad background, you may change careers several times.?
Academic results are not the only goal. ?It?s about what you are going to do with the rest of your life, not just what your grades are. The expectation is that we do very well, but that race to be top of the league tables isn?t part of the culture. Often the Chinese are amazed to hear that we do sport every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday afternoon and give considerable amounts of time to other activities. Children have to learn how to juggle life. Our boys are stretched. One of our besetting national sins is that we dramatically underestimate what teenagers are capable of. If you pitch to low expectations, people will play down to it.?
His aim is to foster enthusiasm wherever he finds it. ?We teach nine modern languages and 30 sports. If any boy shows an interest in something, we try to accommodate it. We recently had two boys who wanted to learn the didgeridoo ? so we found a teacher.?
About a third of the top 100 applicants who pass the entrance test for Eton don?t get offered a place ? ?because they aren?t suited or they are mono-dimensional and only focused on academic work?.
A school should, in his view, be as much about culture as about learning. ?At the end of every year I see the 260 boys who are about to leave. What I want to see is a young man who is engaged, confident and enthusiastic. They need a true sense of self-worth, which means they can stand up for themselves and a purpose higher than themselves. They may decide their aim in life is the abolition of schools like Eton ? that is fine, as long as they do it with passion and intelligence and integrity.?
He warns against a ?born to rule? attitude. ?Confidence can tip into arrogance. We try to stop it by having a healthily sceptical attitude. When someone gets on their high horse they are ripped to shreds.?
The fees at Eton are £30,000 a year ? more than the national average annual wage ? so surely it?s easier for the pupils to succeed in life because they come from privileged backgrounds? ?You cannot underestimate the effect of family on the upbringing of a child and their educational chances,? Mr Little says. ?But it?s not just about material wealth. The real privilege is to have a happy family with lots of interest in the child. You can have very rich parents with no time to do those things with their children.?
He insists he is trying to broaden the intake; about 250 pupils have subsidised places, and 45 pay no fees at all. ?We have a full-time access adviser whose job is to identify families and reassure them. It?s one thing to raise money for this kind of stuff, it?s harder to spend it in the right way.?
The 1,300 boys at the school, which was founded in 1440, seem a breed apart, with their tailcoats, wall game and own language (teachers are known as ?beaks? and matrons described as ?dames?). But the Head Master says that the uniform and traditions are designed to bring the school together as a community, rather than exclude outsiders. ?If you are a scholarship boy from Liverpool and you put the funny clothes on you are immediately on the inside. It makes everyone feel very inclusive.?
Eton Style, a parody made by pupils of the rapper Psy?s hit single, Gangnam Style, is a perfect example of the ingenuity he wants to encourage. ?It?s a short, funny, self-deprecating piece of fun. It?s not pompous and if some people see our boys being normal,that?s great.?
The school?s Spanish teacher acted in the spoof, driving a Rolls-Royce.
The staff at Eton are expected to carry on their jobs outside the classroom. ?The teachers are well paid and live here but their work runs right through the evening. They can join a union but everyone understands the deal.?
Is there anything state schools can learn from Eton?s success? ?I would break schools down into more manageable sizes. Here there are about 16 to a class. And to have a great academic school you need a strong pastoral system. We create community day by day or it dies. With teenage boys you?re going to get boorishness ? you are dealing with the shifting sands of adolescence ? but the focus must be on relationships and the way people treat each other.?
It all sounds more touchy-feely than stiff upper lip. ?We?re not going around whipping boys. We are open to emotions,? he says. ?But it?s wholly misguided to have happiness as a target. Happiness is a chimera. It?s a consequence of being busy, active, challenged, excited.?
He insists that teachers need more ambition for their pupils, wherever they come from. ?It?s patronising to assume that children from a particular background can?t cope with knowledge. You have to give them the tools to shape their destiny and change the world. It?s better to encourage young people to aim for the top than keep everyone floundering at the bottom.?
Parents should also give their children ?a range of opportunity? outside school. ?People say you can take a horse to water but you can?t make it drink. That?s true, but if you don?t take the horse to water in the first place they?re never going to drink.?
He worries that children?s lives are becoming too narrow and focused on academic grades. ?There are too many public exams. I seriously question the point of having GCSEs at all. We might need a snapshot of what 16-year-olds are doing in English, maths and maybe science, but I can?t see why people should do 10 or 11 GCSEs. You could do so many more inventive things.?
Michael Gove?s replacement exams for 16-year-olds could make the problem worse. ?The EBacc in my view is neither fish nor fowl, it?s saying history is important but music isn?t.? Having been a head for 24 years, he has seen a worrying shift towards the lowest common denominator. ?There?s a lack of trust in teachers, which is constraining. If you don?t have that trust the tendency is to pin things down ever more minutely, to give no room for manoeuvre at all.?
Originality is being stifled, he warns. ?English A level is now marked like maths. It used to be the case that, if you had a candidate who was prepared to explore the highways and byways, go a bit off piste but was intelligent, you would make a judgment and give credit, but now that?s all blue-pencilled because it?s not ticking the box. We had one very bright boy, our best historian, who spotted in one of his modules in his history A level that the question was flimsy and argued it back to front. He got a U for it. We sent the papers to a couple of dons at Oxford and Cambridge and they both said it was first-class honours stuff, but we looked at the template and we had to agree with the exam board.?
Mr Little thinks that pupils are being short-changed by the system. ?I will be very careful with the phrase ?dumbed down? because that?s pretty loaded, but it?s all been reduced into bite-sized chunks. If you believe, as I do, that part of the great purpose of education is to encourage young people to see the hidden connections between things, then the more you atomise it, the more difficult it is for young people to do so.?
The noble desire for fairness has had damaging side effects. ?We celebrate elitism if it?s Premier League football, but I want to employ an elite plumber, I want to have an elite doctor and I like people to do very well indeed academically. The word elitism is so laden with baggage it?s almost not worth using, but we should be unashamed about excellence.?
Mr Cameron, accused of elitism himself, must sometimes think it is a disadvantage to have gone to Eton. ?If you?ve been here you?ve had a good education. The fact that, subsequently, people hold you to slightly higher account is no bad thing,? Mr Little says. ?I say to the boys: ?You?ve had tremendous opportunities but if you choose to behave in the way a tabloid would imagine an Old Etonian would behave, then you deserve everything you get?.?
The benefits, in his view, far outweigh any downsides. ?There?s a history to this place. We don?t talk about prime ministers and all the rest of it, but the fact it?s all around you does have an effect. It asks you that implicit question: If these people have done those things, why not you??
Curriculum Vitae
Born 1954
Family Married to Jennifer Greenwood, one daughter
Education Eton College on a bursary; Corpus Christi, Cambridge, choral scholar
Career English teacher and housemaster at Tonbridge School, Kent; head of English, Brentwood School, Essex; headmaster, Chigwell School, Essex; headmaster at Oakham School, Rutland. He became Head Master of Eton College in 2002
Notable Once said, ?Eton is a four letter word?