@RoadArt: "Children need to be able to read the questions, interprete them and answer correctly in a timely manner. When older they will be given a task at work and be expected to complete it accurately."
I can't agree with you here. Yes, it's good to be able to read a specification carefully. However, school-style tests bear very little resemblance to anything one might need to do in most jobs.
In a TED talk about maths education, Dan Meyers points out that pupils "expect sit-com sized problems that wrap up in 22 minutes, three commercial breaks and a laughtrack... no problem worth solving is that simple." He asks, in which real-life situation can you ever rely on being given exactly the information you require and no unnecessary information? www.ted.com/talks/dan_meyer_math_curriculum_makeover.html
Out in the post-school world, it's very common that a briefing for a task will omit some key detail which you will have to go and find out, or that you'll be given extra information which is irrelevant to the task, or that it will be appropriate to question whether the task is necessary and why, and whether a different approach might be better. The critical questioning skills required to complete the task is not to be learned through the type of tests generally given at school. Unlike in the wider adult world, in school tests there is no context to the exam questions, and you aren't usually allowed to have a proper discussion with the person setting the task.
I'm not just talking about the skills needed by surgeons and architects. When I worked for a pizza delivery company, some of our worst employees did follow specific directions quite well. The ones who were really valuable were the ones who said, "Hang on, you've not explained how this special offer works; can they use it on two pizzas?", who carried their own maps rather than relying completely on the directions I gave them (which could be useless if roadworks or bad traffic intervened, or if I made a mistake), and who wondered whether we couldn't make big improvements to speed and hygiene if we could move the sink closer to where we actually worked.
Tests are done almost entirely for purposes of assessment by someone who doesn't know the child well. They rarely teach a child anything. I had a handful of tests at university which actually taught me something. I don't think I ever had such a test at school.