The bigger problem was from 2008 onwards when rates were really low - that's what's fuelled house price inflation for the last 12 years. Buyers were gobbling up the cheap mortgages fuelling the market. The financial authorities kicked the can down the road, instead of letting the correction happen properly in 2008, and now it's ready to explode and they are running out of ways to prevent it.
A buyer/homeowner can afford £x per month for their mortgage. In the 80's most of that monthly payment went on interest, in the 2010's it was going towards capital repayment on much higher house prices. But now house prices are higher, the mortgage repayments are much more sensitive to interest rate rises.
There's also proportionality to consider - a rate rise from 0.25% to 6% is increase of 24x, a rate rise from 4% to 16% is only 4x.
On top of that, everyone has been conditioned to buy stuff on monthly payment plans. That wasn't the case in the 70's and 80's - hardly anyone had a new car, for many that would be a once in a lifetime thing. You'd save up for years to buy even a decent used car. So people had more flexibility and less allocated outgoings. And not cars on £300-£500 a month lease contracts, mobile phones, gym subs, sky/netflix etc.
If only interest rates had been gradually increased again post 2008, house prices wouldn't have sky rocketed (especially post pandemic), and we wouldn't be in this pickle now.