I’m in Germany and the country is in lockdown but you’re not technically banned from doing anything. It’s just that everything is closed, but you can do as you like (if you can find something to do).
Pubs, restaurants, non-essential shops and all indoor venues have been closed since end of October. Schools broke up on the 15th Dec and have been closed since.
There are no restrictions on where you go though, so this might explain your friend’s ‘travels’. It was half-term in my state this week, so lots of families drove a couple of hours to get out of the city and visit different places with their kids. The German are very outdoorsy so I imagine everyone went to the woods or the mountains, or walked around some farm. There really isn’t anything else open... Only zoos and farms and anything that’s outdoors stayed open. So I imagine families also did that. You’re told to avoid non-essential trips if you can, but there is certainly no rule that says you should.
Germany’s rates are extremely low. Except a handful of areas still struggling with an incidence of over 100. There was a spike over December/January but it has been extremely well controlled. My local (inner city) incidence is 60-70. Going down three, four numbers every day so we’ll soon hit 50. At that point, corona restrictions are not even needed according to the law and European guidelines. They’ll only relax the current lockdown to begin with, not get rid of the restrictions, but the situation is so much better than it was a month ago.
For comparison, my family is in Spain where the local incidence is 1,200. Schools never closed, shops are open but do close at 6pm and restaurants only closed two weeks ago, when the incidence hit 1,500. There is a 10pm curfew that’s been in place for months though. People have been allowed to socialise throughout, my youngest brother recently went to a classmate’s birthday party with 5 other people. Internal borders are closed however (so you can’t leave your local area) and for cities over 50k population, there is a local lockdown every Friday 3pm to Monday morning, when you can’t leave town except for work/hospital/caring duties. The country just can’t afford another shutdown, so they make do how they can. It’s extremely worrying.