This is an English translation of the explanation of why the Netherlands are reopening schools. It seems to suggest the risks of opening schools are extremely limited. Assuming the Dutch data is replicated elsewhere I don’t think we need to be making wild plans about social distancing within primary schools. The kids can go back without significant risks.
Jaap van Dissel, Director Public Health Netherlands (RIVM)
The Netherlands has been a monitoring corona-transmission for the last few months. Children (0-18) are only 0.7% of all reported covid-19 cases while this age group is actually 20% of the population. These findings are similar to reports in other countries in Europe, Asia and USA.
Additionally, there is a national monitoring system involving 40 GPs that is used to evaluate general public health in The Netherlands. From 137 samples tested from children who visited their GP with covid-like symptoms, none were positive.
Through testing and contact tracing over the last two months by the GGD, there has not been a single cluster of covid-infection reported that has arisen from a child, a school or a daycare. This supports the evidence that children do not play any significant role in spreading corona-infection.
After closure of schools in March, there has not been a decrease in the relative number of children with covid-19, compared to before the schools closed. If there was a spread of corona infection through schools, then closure would have been expected to have an impact. This is another indication that children do not play any significant role in spreading infection.
The RIVM has studied transmission within households in detail, and these studies will continue when the schools open. In households, children have less infection than adults, which again supports that children are not responsible for spreading infection at home. Rather it is the adults who transmit to their children. There is also very little transmission between children within the same household. No clusters have been found in households that have originated from children (no child ‘index’ cases).
Random immunity-testing of 2100 people has shown that 3.6% of adults have had infection (as measured by the presence of antibodies) but in children aged 12-18 years this is only 1%.
Taken together these studies support that in children are much less often infected and have milder symptoms than adults, and importantly that children are most likely infected by adults and not the other way around.
Contact tracing and testing will continue when the schools have opened and some schools will be asked to take an active role in more extensive monitoring.