scardeykatt, firstly I wonder what made you think of CF as a possible diagnosis as opposed to anything else? Do you have some understanding of the condition - your second paragraph suggests that you possibly do?
You must remember that CF is a rare condition, only 9,000 people in the UK have it so chance is on your side that your DS is free from it and is merely struggling with a prolonged chesty cough.
My DD has CF but was diagnosed at 2 weeks old. Most children will be pancreatic insufficient when they are born which means they are unable to produce digestive enzymes and so fail to put on weight and are classed as 'failure to thrive'. However, some children do have working pancreases and so need no medical supplements and grow at a normal rate. In time the pancreas can stop working but this would lead to obvious symptoms such as bloating, foul smelling fatty stools and a slow down in weight gain. I don't know anything about 12 year boys but I'm guessing that they're starting to hit puberty and some of them will shoot up quicker than others. Your DS may just be a late developer?
Again, some children with 'mild' cases of CF can go for years undected but from what I've read most will have suffered on and off for years from asthma, chest infections and all manner of respiratory problems. If this is the first time your DS has suffered from a prolonged cough then it feels like CF is not likely to be the cause.
Nasal polyps are common in people with CF but I don't think they are a symptom of CF just something they happen to have.
The only other marker I would suggest is whether your DS's skin tastes salty (and I don't mean just after he's been exercising!)? People with CF lose far more salt in their sweat than the rest of us. I if were to kiss my DD its as if if I'm kissing a packet of crisps!
Having said all the above, I am no doctor and only know my DDs experience. If you are at all worried, I would ask your GP for a sweat test to be carried out. This is recognised as being the diagnostic tool for CF and is a perfectly harmless procedure.
I hope your DS gets rid of his cough soon and you can put your mind to rest