It isn't "The Silver Sword" although I thought it might be.
I first read it when I wanted to re-read "The Silver Sword" but it was a different story, and now reading "The Silver Sword" to my DD I am very confused.
It also isn't "I am David"
Its World War II. There is a boy in Warsaw. He's left behind or some other way separate from his family. There is a bit where he is in the Warsaw Ghetto (which is how I know I haven't totally imagined it, as this was the first time I'd heard about that).
He may end up in a Prison Camp, or being transported somewhere.
But he escapes - somehow. He then travels across Europe to Spain (maybe heading to Portgual?).
I think he has something with him, maybe a broach or badge that helps him be identified at the end.