Forceps CAN be used in a CS birth. However, MOSTLY they are NOT. The risk of a baby being delivered by forceps is less with a CS than a VB where intervention takes place.
Overall, there is less risk of trauma to a baby during a CS birth than during an instrumental vaginal birth.
Have a look at these NICE guidelines and research, esp pages 240 tp 243, which compare instrumental VBs to CS's. www.gserve.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/IntrapartumCareSeptember2007mainguideline.pdf
In particular, the statement on p, 243 - "....babies born with CS were more likely to be admitted to a neonatal unit, but less likely to have trauma, compared with assisted vaginal birth."
Also: - "More babies born via CS were admitted to a neonatal unit (OR 2.64 [95% CI 1.16 to 6.02]); but less babies with CS had trauma from the birth (OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.20 to 0.70]; or serious trauma OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.08
to 1.42]), compared with babies who had had an instrumental birth."
It's a complex picture - not helped because with CS data, they make no distinction between emergency C sections, and planned C sections. It's basic common sense, but still worth pointing out - the vast majority of emergency CS's are carried out because the baby is in serious danger. Of course those babies are more likely to spend time in a SCBU. They have problems before they are born.
Yes, there is some evidence that babies born by any kind of CS are more likely to suffer some breathing difficulties. However, purely in terms of physical trauma - SLIGHT AND SERIOUS - babies born via CS are LESS LIKELY to be injured than those delivered instrumentally during a VB.
We do women and babies no favours by hiding this information.