OK, understand about the impression stuff now I agree most people aren't interested in trawling research. I prefer to link to something which backs up anything I say, if I can, as those that do want to look at it then have a choice.
The statements you pick out are 'medical speak' and of course it is correct that it would be wrong to say 'formula feeding causes XYZ' - the papers show an association, but because we cannot do an RCT on breastfeeding and formula feeding (by telling parents what they have to feed their baby on) still less a blinded one (everyone will know if the baby is bf or ff!), all studies have to be observational (just as many behavioural studies are, for example, smoking and heart disease, or smoking and lung cancer ...all observational not RCTs). You then have to posit a biological explanation for your results, which many papers do (can't remember if the ones I linked to all do).
It is also the case that you have to say 'breastfeeding may offer protection' in medical-speak, as babies who have been breastfeed can, and do, develop CD. It's also true that in other epidemoiological work, you will find phrases like 'exercise and a healthy diet may protect against obesity' or 'heavy drinking may cause liver disease' and so on.
Long term, it's hard to even make suggestions for the effect of formula feeding (your question about what lies in store for you - or me, as it happens - as a ff baby) because the research that follows a cohort of people from infancy onwards is very hard to do. You'll just have to stick around for the Millenium Babies study and the ALSPAC study. So far, there are hypotheses, but without good research to test them, we can't tell.
We do know that mothers who do not breastfeed have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but that's not hard to show.