No one has done a proper study of this, Beatrix. You can read an (old) article on the internet, if you look for 'Just One Bottle' which describes, with references, the physiological effect of formula on the gut, without being able to quantify what this might mean to an individual baby....which would be impossible. In a very few cases of intolerance/allergy, it could have an effect which would be hard to predict.
The health benefits of breastfeeding on the immune system would remain (formula does not destroy these), and there seems to be a 'dose' effect ie the more formula, the fewer the benefits of bf, but the benefits are still there.
We have some research on whether a formula bottle means more sleep for the parents, and the indication is the answer is 'no', because the excl bf had more sleep, but again there will be individual effects. You can read the study yourself
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17700096 or at least the abstract.
It's an individual thing, to work out the convenience/inconvenience of preparing the bottle, buying the formula, washing the bottle etc.
You'd also have to think about the effect on your breasts, A robust milk supply at 12 weeks will prob withstand a bottle, but your breasts will prob be uncomfortable at the missed feed. Again, individuals vary.
Hope this helps.