UNICEF leaflet on formula - click on the link for the leaflet for HCPs.
Whey dominant milks
These milks are often described as for newborns. They are based on the whey of cow?s milk and the ratio of proteins in the formula approximates to the ratio of whey to casein found in human milk (60:40).
These feeds are more easily digested than the casein?dominant formulas, which may have a slight effect on gastric emptying times. There is no evidence that changing from whey?based first milk to any other type of formula is necessary or beneficial ? at any point.
First milk is the only food bottle?fed babies need for the first six months of life. After this, as they start to be introduced to solid food, they can continue to receive first milk. When the baby is one year old, ordinary (full fat) cow?s milk can be substituted for the first milk.
Casein dominant milks
These are also sold as being suitable for use from birth, but they are aimed at parents whose babies are ?hungrier?.
Although the proportions of the macronutrients (fat, carbohydrate,
protein, etc.) are the same as is found in whey?dominant formula, more of the protein present is in the form of casein (20:80).
For this reason they are not recommended for young babies. The higher casein content causes large, relatively indigestible curds to form in the stomach and is intended to make the baby feel full for longer.
However, there is no evidence that babies settle better or sleep longer if given these milks (Taitz 1989, Thorkelsson 1994).
Milk for babies over six months or follow-on milks
Follow?on milks are described as suitable for babies from six months of age. They should never be used for babies under six months, as among other things they contain more iron than young babies need, as well as sucrose, glucose and other non?milk sugars.
The permissible concentrations of some minerals are higher than in first milks.
Parents do not need to change from first milk to follow?on milk when their baby reaches six months of age.
There is no published evidence that the use of any follow?on formula offers any nutritional or health advantage over the use of whey?based infant formula among infants artificially fed (SACN 2007).
For this reason the Department of Health does not include follow?on formula in the Healthy Start Scheme.
However, the labels on packets and tins of follow?on milks look very similar to those on packets and tins of first milks ? so parents need to be advised to read labels carefully. (Joint UNICEF/NCTMori survey 2005)