I had given this little thought. DD is in reception and very happy at school. She gets a book sent home every weekend (Jelly & Bean series) and we are slowly working through that series. She reads simple words fairly fluently and can sound out letters and get there eventually on longer words provided they are phonetic rather than words with unusual pronunciation. Writing - if writing a card she can write some simple words (e.g. Dear / love / from) with no assistance but will need me to spell out the rest of the message for her to write. Her writing is not joined up and is still 'baby' writing - by which I mean it is probably about twice the size of an adult's writing. I thought she was doing fine and her teachers haven't brought up any issues.
We spent yesterday with DD's cousin, who is also 5 (although a few months younger than DD). I am currently reading DD The Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe. We were all sitting and I was reading the book. DD wanted another chapter and I didn't want to read any more - so my niece picked up the book and read the next chapter to DD (as far as I could tell no hesitations or problems with a single word). She also had to write a letter and I said I would help her, but in fact I simply watched her as she wrote a full side of paper with no help from anyone, joined up writing, adult sized. I read it over and she had a couple of very minor spelling mistakes and one crossed out word.
Now I accept my niece is probably better than many children of her age, but I am now in a panic about DD - it's not as if they are at opposite ends of the same spectrum with DN being sightly better and DD slightly behind - they are on completely different spectrums. There is literally no comparison.
How did DD get so far behind? What should I be doing to catch up (other than working on the books that are sent home with her which we do already)? DD felt really down about it too and asked me why she could read like her cousin (she so loves books and longs to be able to read properly), I said we just needed to practice a bit more and she'd soon get there - but in truth I just don't see her getting to that sort of level for.... well I have no idea when she might be able to read like that.