Well it depends on what he wans to do really! At that age my ds hated the buggy so I used to have to make sure I took lots of toys/ snacks if we were going anywhere in it.
I'd say do try to switch the TV off a bit. My s was not the least bit interested in the TV intiul he turned 2 so he wasn't learning anything from it... was just a noise which actually distracted me from talking to him as much as I could so I stopped watching it other than an hour or so in the morning (I like my Phillip Schofield fix!)
I have learned that young toddlers actually don't need you to play 'with' them constantly, in fact they are unable to play 'with' someone, just along side them as obviously they don't understand rules and taking turns etc. I let me ds who is 2 play with what toys he wants whilst I just watch and tell him what he's doing and praise him if he does something new or is playing nicely. Then if he wants me to be involved with something and roll play etc he is now old enough to ask me to play which is a lot easier than when he was your son's age! I used to find when he was little he'd get quite frustrated if I tried to be part of a game or play with a toy if he didn't want me to so don't feel guilty if he's playing by himself a bit.
I take my ds to look round local pet shop, I find that takes up and hour or so with travel time and he loves animals so it's usially a good way of entertaining him a bit and I can chatter away to him about all the different coloured fish and fluffy rabbits blah blah blah. Good cos it gets me out the house too!
I also take him swimming once a week.
Have you tried finger painiting at home with him? Messy but good fun. Just put some plastic sheeting down (we use one of them water proof table covers) with some big A3 sheets of paper to paint on and let him splat away til his heart's content!
We take him to soft play centre about once a week (sometimes more if he is restless at home) but think he was a bit older when we started taking him there. But there's usually a soft baby bit in those centres and a change of scenery is always good for them at that age.
Have you tried getting him involved with house work/ cooking etc. Maybe a bit too young yet but mu ds used to love to play with his toy hoover when I was vacuuming and would go round with a feather duster when I was cleaning, again maybe better when he's walking competantly.
Other than that, I used to let him empty one of my kitchen cupboards filled with baby safe things like tupperware, plastic jugs, cullendar, wooden spoons etc, again it makes a mess but they love rooting around in things and you can sit with him and tell him what things are, also good if you want to get on with a bit of cooking.
Reading, always good but my ds had too short an attention span to actually sit for long at 10 months butmaybe yours is different.
Singing, stuff you probably already do but just singing a song when my ds is bored or stroppy can distract him.
Get a water table or fill a tray with water (again time to use the plastic sheets lol) and let him sit on the sheet and splash about and pour water into plastic cups etc.
Moatly just don't feel guilty if he doesn't have your attention every minute as long as he's safe. They learn from everything, just pouring water into a cup they are learning about gravity and liqiuds/ solids stuff like that. I bet he's fine, you're not clueless but we all feel like we are!
Wow long post sorry.