A patchwork quilt is a quilt in which the top layer consists of patchwork consisting of pieces of fabric sewn together to form a design. The quilting design does not necessarily follow the patchwork design.
Originally, this was to make full use of left-over scraps of fabric, but now fabric is often bought specially for a specific design; today fabrics are even sold in quarter matres. (A fat quarter being one yard folded into four and cut, thus giving a square piece of fabric. Buying a quarter of a yard of fabric off the roll would result in you getting a long thin piece the width of the fabric but only 25cm wide which would limit the size of the patchwork pieces you could make from it).
Designs can be geometric and formal or imaginative.
The quilt is formed of three layers: the patchwork, a layer of insulating wadding (UK) or batting (US) and a layer of backing material.
These three layers are stitched together (i.e. quilted), either by hand or machine. This can either outline the patchwork motifs, or be a completely independent design.
The Amish people are famous for their geometric patchwork designs with independent patterns and quilting; typical motifs include floral designs and heart shapes.
In 1934 Carl Carmer published this list of quilt patterns mastered by "Mattie Sue" who was required by her parents in rural Northeast Alabama to complete one hundred quilts before being married.