Re "college" after 16, I'm a bit divided on this, having had a really positive experience of 6th form college for Alevels.
Where i lived, none of the state schools had 6th forms. They all just fed into one 6th form college which was where you did your A-levels, or there was another college where you did Btecs etc.
I think it's a good step between school and University/work as you are constantly reminded that
- you dont have a legal obligation to be there so it's up to you to motivate yourself.
-No-one is going to chase you for coursework etc. If it's not there, you get zero. End of. If you fail your first year exams the college desnt pay for your Alevel entry fees.
- You have certain priviliges that go with that- we were allowed to wear own clothes, smoke outside (this was when smoking was legal at 16), drive ourselves to college etc, only had to attend for lessons etc).
I found it a good way of bridging from school, where everything was very enforced, to Uni, where I did a research based course with only 1 hour of compulsary contact time a week and relied on self motivation and organisation.
I also think the teaching was better because many teachers with a strong academic bent do have a preference for A-level only teaching.