I think there are pros and cons to both.
I went to a tough school in a working class area. I was badly bullied at school and it still affects me to this day. I was a good kid, obeyed the rules and did well in exams. The teachers all loved me, but my classmates - well, not so much. I wasn't good at sports, didn't wear fashionable clothes (lots of hand me down clothes
), didn't have a stylish haircut etc. - those things were far more important than academic success. The bullying had lifelong consequences. For example, I hate confrontations and go out of my way to avoid conflict. It turned me into a people pleaser. Our teachers spent a lot of time on discipline. I occasionally wonder how much more learning would have been achieved, if the teachers didn't have to spend so much time reprimanding my classmates for talking and messing during class. Although, with the benefit of hindsight, I wonder if some of those same kids had special needs, which were never diagnosed, and which made learning and concentrating much more difficult for them. There wasn't the same awareness of special needs in the '70s and '80s.
The primary school years were tough, but my secondary school years were much better. I made a core group of friends, so I was less vulnerable to the bullies. There was a much wider variety of subjects, and we had different teachers for each subject, instead of the same teacher all day long. As we moved up through the years, a lot of the more disruptive pupils dropped out. We did school plays and concerts and went on more exciting day trips. Our teachers treated us with more respect. It's not that they treated us like friends or anything (that wouldn't have been appropriate). But they treated us more like colleagues than naughty, disruptive pupils. We had some amazing teachers who gave of their time freely - doing sports coaching, organizing fund raising activities, taking us away on trips, doing extra tutoring outside of regular classes etc. They really cared about their pupils and we appreciated that (although I appreciate it a whole lot more, now that I'm an adult myself) and we respected them for it.
My parents left school in their mid-teens, so they were never going to be in a position to home school us. But let's say they had made the choice to home school me, when I was being bullied. I would have escaped the bullying, but I also would have missed out on so many good things - making friends (who are still friends some 40 years later), having shared experiences with a big group of people (the concerts, trips etc.) and being part of a wider community. Also, relating to people who are older (teachers, school staff etc.). When I get together with my school friends, we have such a lovely time reminiscing about our school days. If I had been home schooled, who would I reminisce with? My parents? My siblings? And if I had experienced adversity at university or in the workplace, would my first instinct have been to leave? To stay home where it's safe?
I think home schooling is probably a wonderful experience if it's done right. By parents who are well educated themselves, and are passionate about education, and ensure that their children are socialized by seeking out opportunities for their DC to socialize with others - enrolling their DC in afterschool activities or joining other home school groups.
I think home schooling is probably a terrible experience if it's used by parents as a means to avoid their children obtaining an education, or to avoid their children mixing with others of different faiths.
And I'm mindful that there are lots of parents who never set out to home school but have no say in the matter. Due to special needs, their DC aren't thriving at school (or even attending school). If they don't home school, their DC won't receive any education at all. It's not really a choice for them.
To summarize, I'm open minded on the subject of home schooling. Some children are losing out by being home schooled. And lots of children are losing out in the traditional school setting. I got off to a rocky start but you know what, I reckon a lot of the same bullies who made my life miserable and subsequently dropped out, were equally ill-served by the school experience. And I know some of the posters here despair of parents who opt to home school. when it's apparent that their literacy skills leave a lot to be desired. But I'm a member of a Facebook group for the area where I grew up. Afaik, home schooling wasn't a thing back then. So all of the members who contribute attended school. But still have poor literacy skills. How did that happen?