@GasperyJacquesRoberts
I would say that very knowledgeable and experienced magic practitioners have broad agreement on the basic rules that are needed in order for spells to have a decent chance of being successful. (Not all Pagans actually practice magic or even believe in it, although there is quite a bit of crossover between the two.)
However, not everyone involved in the occult is experienced or knowledgeable. That's gained over time devoted to study and practice.
I'm also not saying that all traditions of all forms of occultism have all the exact same rules. There is lots of diversity within occultism, just as there is diversity within other fields. There are rules that one needs to follow in order to become talented in the arts, but some of those rules will differ depending on what form of art they are pursuing. A painter may need to follow some rules for certain styles of painting and other rules for different styles.
I don't know, but I'd assume that sometimes rules vary depending on what sort of science someone is practicing? Would a physicist need to follow the exact same rules as a biologist?
So, to take it back to magic and the occult, differing traditions might be based around different methods and practices, which call for difference in which rules to follow. Christopher Warnock and Clifford Hartleigh Low practice a specific form of astrological magic that is based on traditional astrology and is based a lot around making astrological talismans. Given that this specific tradition is based around astrology, there are certain rules, such as astrological timings, that must be followed in this tradition in order to have a greater chance of success.
There are other traditions of magic that do not use any astrology at all, so such rules do not apply to those.
I'm also not saying there is no flexibility at all in magic. There is certainly room for flexibility, experimentation, innovation and substitutions. But these things need to be undertaken with understanding and knowledge of what the appropriate kinds of flexibility and substitutions are in order for the magic to be effective. This is why someone needs to understand the the system (or systems) they're practicing in order to experiment and substitute effectively, because not just any substitution would be recommendable.
Glory of the Stars: Real Magic Fake Experts
Occultist BJ Swayne wrote this blog post partly in response to some people in the magic community claiming that the practice of magic had no real rules at all and that "intent was everything." Intent is certainly an important part of practicing magic, but it's certainly not everything. It's worth reading in full to understand his full point, but some of what he says is below:
Originally I was just going to tweet "people who think magic never has any actual methodology clearly have never experienced real magic," or something like that.
Anyone familiar with forums knows that the most predominant idea in the magical and NeoPagan communities is "it's all about intention," "the only thing that matters is intention," "there are no rules, it's just whatever it means to you because it's about intention," "answers to your question don't matter, because what matters is how you feel because it's about your intentions."
Intention is important in magic, because magic is often accomplished through taking various mundane actions and combining them in a symbolic way and activating them through the intention to perform magic by doing them. Intention is important in the sense that magic is an intentional act. Even that is kind of a weak argument for intention because there is more to it than that. Not any actions performed with the intention of doing magic will always produce magic, and some actions might produce magic even without an aware intention on the part of the doer.
The idea that magic is about what you intend to manifest, and that magical acts are relatively meaningless in the face of your intentions is a nonsensical sort of misunderstanding and one which is very easily demonstrably false. If this were the case, we wouldn't ever need to learn any magic, we could just intend for things to happen. We wouldn't ever run into mistakes or mishaps in magic, because our real intentions will just show through no matter what we do. Everyday acts would all be magical because we would always have some intended outcome, and things would always match our intentions.
Obviously, I am not a strictly by the book magician. I'm an educated magician, but I have all the messy eccentricity that just about everyone who grew up with bits and bobs of magic and the influence of spirits they encountered as children shaping their early experiments in magic. I think experimentation, innovation, and substitution are necessary. I also think these things are better when people have a good base knowledge of the system they're working with and other systems. I also know that there are things which can go wrong when symbols, materials, names, and spirits are used without understanding them or without working with them in the correct ways.
When we consider that simple tools can have that kind of power we must consider that there are correct and incorrect ways to use those tools. This isn't meant in a moral sense. I'm not saying if you want to destroy some village because someone offended you at a dinner party that that is an incorrect use of magic. It would be a pretty awful thing to do and I'd hope you weren't going to do it. I'm saying I've seen things that let me know that that is possible. I've seen things that let me know that completely innocent uses of magic can go horribly wrong when we don't understand how the tools we're using work or how they assemble into the effects we're trying to create.
So when someone says "these things shouldn't be used together because of the way their effects combine or cancel," or "this should be used in this way but not this way because chances are this will happen," we should ask why and explore whether or not the advise is reasonable. We shouldn't mock the idea that the advise exists because it's all about intention.
If your answer is "I lazily spin in my chair while wearing three talismans and sitting next to a bowl of crystals and I'm fine," then yeah, you probably are fine. You're probably also not doing any actual magic and aren't equipped to answer questions about actual magic. Your practice of feeling empowered is probably great for you, but that's probably most of what you've got going on.
It would be very easy to read what I'm saying here as reactive and sensationalist. A lot of real magical work won't do things which are cataclysmic if we make a little mistake here or there. More likely, we'll make a mistake and get no meaningful result, or we'll make a little mistake and our result will be misdirected off from our goal. The damage here is simply the loss of opportunity to get what we wanted or needed. This kind of problem can be a great learning experience for tweaking method. If we don't recognize that methods have an impact then we don't consider making those tweaks. Not understanding that there is a reality to magical acts limits us from improving.
<strong> As we become more proficient and move on to more intermediate and advanced methods - if we can really consider them in that kind of hierarchy - we start to encounter possibilities which might have more consistently powerful effects. Depending upon the moment and the magician super simple super basic things can have very powerful effects. There are also approaches that tend to be more likely to produce those because of the spirits or the natural powers which are involved in effecting them.</strong>
And are those rules reproducible, measurable and testable in the way that, say, the rules that describe the way heat energy flows through a block of iron are?
No, not in that way, almost certainly not - but I've never seen anyone seriously claim that they are.
I would say that they are reproducible and testable in the sense that if someone follows the basic methodology of a particular magical tradition, then they will see consistent results of the spells having effect.