It’s hard work. This “let’s throw things out” mindset is such a modern phenomenon. People wouldn’t have done that for tens of thousands of years.
Every single vegetable (even the peels) can be reused. You can dry them in the oven, put them in a food processor, add plenty of salt, and there you go: homemade vegetable stock cubes. Another option is to freeze all your peelings and scraps until you have enough to boil into a broth. Potato or carrot peels can be tossed with a little oil and baked into crunchy peel chips.
Bread: collect leftovers, and once you have a good amount, dry them out and make breadcrumbs. Or cut into cubes for croutons for soups and salads.
Rice: Leftover rice can be turned into fried rice, rice pudding, or rice patties with vegetables. You can also blend it into rice milk or dry and grind it into rice flour for baking.
Fruit: overripe bananas: banana bread, smoothies. Apple peels can be boiled into tea or jelly. Citrus peels can be candied, turned into marmalade, or dried and used as a natural cleaner.
You can also buy compost bins: depending on whether you have a garden or space. Some models can even make compost in just a few hours. They’re amazing, but pricey (around £500).