The problem is most people have some form of gum disease and it’s the number one reason for tooth loss in the U.K.
The U.K. is the number one place in the world for people to sue dentists/hygienists/therapists and gum disease is the number one reason to be sued. As a consequence of this, unfortunately , each and every time you visit the hygienist has to tell you about cleaning, flossing , diet etc and document it, otherwise it is seen as negligence.
The water used in scaling has to go through tiny tubes so has to be treated with chemicals to stop a biofilm forming (gunk) and has to be cold as warm water encourages biofilm build up.
ultrasonic cleaning (the buzzy) instrument is the most efficient and thorough way of removing tartar (calculus) . Hand scaling is second best and also is a cause of arthritis for the hygienist . It does not do as good a job.
Airflow is powder cleaning, this will not remove tartar , it only removes stain. It is normally done after scaling. Using sylc powder can also help with sensitivity.
Scaling can be sensitive if your gums are inflammed or if your gums have shrunk exposing the roots . The hygienist can inject your mouth to make it more comfortable , they can use a gel , which will help some people. To help yourself get gums as healthy as possible, rub a sensitive toothpaste into the roots last thing at night and leave on and take , if you can , ibuprofen an hour before appointment.
Hygienists do not make your gums bleed but if your gums are inflammed ie your cleaning is not effective , a hygienist visit and , indeed, improved oral care will make inflammed gums bleed . Once the inflammation has settled ie if you clean well , the bleeding will settle.
If you clean effectively you will never need a hygiene visit . I have had patients in their 90s who have never needed a hygiene visit.
However if you do not clean effectively 24 hours after you’ve seen the hygienist the tartar starts to come back and your gums never get healthy. So some people need very,very regular visits , not least those with dexterity problems etc .
Some people like to visit to keep stains down , which is not a health problem but makes teeth look better.
Gum disease is associated with many health problems from heart disease , diabetes, miscarriages , etc since gum disease is an inflammatory condition . Our understanding is that healthy gums are an integral part of a healthy body.