I think specific details of each case is likely to determine how these are handled. And it comes down to how reasonably foreseeable events are. That’s ultimately how insurance companies work through information, to determine what was known, when, by whom & whether there was any prior information or knowledge that makes a difference. Insurance covers unforeseen/unpredicable events. Anything that can reasonably be predicted (even if timings can’t be) isn’t covered.
One clause in the insurance policy T&Cs that gives insurers the right to ask for information & evidence, is the one that compels the insured person to provide the insurance co with any information they ask for. Failure to comply is an automatic breach of the policy T&Cs, and can be the basis for declining coverage/claim payout.
Just one example - someone’s relative either becomes seriously ill in the weeks before a holiday date, or while you’re away on holiday. The level of knowledge family have - close family, it doesn’t apply to wider family so has to be a parent, spouse, child etc. - of the circumstances leading up to that even are material facts relevant to the decision on whether cover applies or not. The ins co sends out a form for the family member’s own GP to complete, that gives them information on the illness, when it would have been 1st diagnosed, dates of consultations & asks Qs about foreseeable deterioration etc. That how ins cos are able to determine whether the illness was known about at the time of booking, or before.
There will be circumstances where family won’t be told. If someone is in that situation, they will still need to prove that, and that’s a hard thing to prove. It’s possible, but it’s going to be difficult. Ins co’s can make the decision to decline cover based on a lack of evidence & the probability of the information on a close family member being known. And it’s about that date of knowledge, or the date the family person knew themselves. If they’re lucky, there could be some comment recorded in the family member’s medical records specifically stating they won’t tell family, or don’t want family being told until necessary.
The investigation is intrusive. It’s upsetting & it’s something that is difficult for people on top of an already difficult situation. But, looking at the policy T&Cs, the booking T&Cs, and the details of the event that’s induced the need to either cancel after the refund period has passed, or incur costs to get home either before someone dies, or in time for the funeral, all this information is what’s needed to allow the ins co to work out if cover applies or not.
Claims being declined are almost always down to people not looking too closely at the T&Cs of the booking, and the travel ins cover, and being unaware of policy limits, exceptions, or information they’ve not realised is important even if they can see/understand the relevance.
Honestly, I haven’t been abroad in years & it dates back to when I 1st was drafted into dealing with travel claims (it’s not my main area of work). The hassle, the stress, the bouncing back & forth between travel companies & ins companies, it’s a nightmare. And even with my very good level of knowledge/understanding of how ins cover works & booking T&Cs work, I’ve not booked a holiday abroad since. Make of that what you will!
One claim that sticks in my mind was an elderly couple who had saved for years for a ‘once in a lifetime’ holiday who were only on the 1st leg of their round the world tour, and had to cancel everything due to the pandemic. Lots were being offered ‘vouchers’ to use to rebook (saving the travel co’s from going bust by having to refund everything that people booked) but this couple were in their late 70s, had waited & weren’t in great health. They’d never get the chance to do it again. They lost nearly £30k because when the travel firm offers a voucher that’s viable, and valid for 12/24 months, that alone was enough to decline the claim.