A CT won't be able to provide the same level of information because there are lots of things they won't be able to see. An MRI is better than a CT and a colonoscopy is better than both. Chances are they'd still need to do a colonoscopy afterwards.
If you were going to have colonoscopy under GA you would need to be referred and booked in to a different clinic list to the one you're on now as the normal list for no sedation/conscious sedation won't be set up with anaesthetists etc to do GA. The risks and requirements are different and how easily you can access a colonoscopy under GA in an NHS hospital will depend on your trust. (By contrast, higher levels of sedation for colonoscopy are more routine in the US than in the UK.)
What scares you about the sedation? The level of sedation you have is your choice but make sure it's an informed choice so you feel well prepared and in control. Most people have colonoscopy with intravenous conscious sedation. Gas and air tends to be offered on top of that if you're struggling with discomfort. For someone as anxious as you sound, I think trying to have your first colonoscopy with just gas and air would be difficult.
Maybe you would benefit from a more detailed discussion about sedation levels and what they mean so you can make an informed choice that makes you feel in control. Recognising all the steps here where you are in control of what's happening is important to managing the anxiety.
It's normal to be worried especially with your background, so plan ways to manage that. E.g. if you're feeling worried afterwards, how could you distract and care for yourself? What strategies can you plan to use? Can you plan a reward for yourself in the weeks afterwards so you have something to look forward to? All these things give you back control which in turn will take the edge off the anxiety.
One way to look at this situation is that the colonoscopy would be a short period of high anxiety followed by release from that anxiety and answers to a decade of uncertainty. The alternative is long term lingering anxiety ("what if there's something terribly wrong inside me?"). These are all your choices to make but evaluating them can help you make the best choices for you and decide on a plan to help you through.