The parents don’t actually have to ask for a place in a named school. They might have already been told the nearer schools were full. If the parents won because transport costs were legally payable, they won. If the school they got had spaces, it had spaces! Inevitably others did not.
In my LA only 1 secondary has spaces in all years. All the grammars here (13) have no spaces in any years. Schools cannot expand on the whim of parents responding to taxation as it’s unquantifiable. No school is able to hold places open if dc want them and neither can they refuse a dc if they have space. All schools want to be full to maximise income.
As for people saying that schools should just magically have places for all shows very little understanding of school planning. Just to be clear, school planning takes years and includes sophisticated forecasts of population growth or reduction, new housing is taken into account and the birth rate. What is hugely difficult, with little advance warning, is who may or may not leave a private school mid way through a phase of education. It could be very few, based on previous years, or loads as we see now due to a vindictive government. Also a LA must offer a school place but cannot plan for unknown financial decisions made by parents. It’s very likely they cannot magic up multiple places with no warning. It’s an unplanned cock up.