OK, there’s two things to understand here. One is the legal position (what can the landlord do by law) and then negotiating tactics.
Without seeing your tenancy agreement it’s impossible to know for sure, but chances are the landlord is in a position to increase your rent and there is no legal limit on the rent he can ask for. All this needs to be done in the correct way of course.
If you think the rent is excessive compared to other similar flats in your area you can try to challenge this by applying to a rent tribunal. This would certainly be worth considering if you thought this was the case but it sounds like you might have been paying a comparatively low rent for the area, in which case the tribunal wouldn’t get you area if the landlord is just being the rent into line with the market rent in the area.
You might want to consider informal negotiation with your landlord. Two things to bear in mind here (which pull in opposing directions).
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It costs landlords to evict a tenant and find a new one, and it is not without risk. If you are a good reliable tenant then he might well want to keep you and be willing to consider a lower increase.
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From this summer, new laws will be coming into force which make it much harder to evict tenants. It is possible the landlord is aware of this so he may be trying to raise the rent now, and if you complain about it, serve notice.
So I think you’ve got two choices.
First one is to negotiate now and see if the landlord will agree a lower increase, but risk the landlord getting cold feet about you and serving you a s21 notice.
Second one is to keep quiet. Try to keep up with the rent payments in the short term and look for a new place to live, in the knowledge that From summer, the landlord will have to wait for you to get significantly behind on the rent before they can serve you notice (unless such as they want to sell the house or move into it themselves, But even then they will have to give you more notice than they do now).
Depending on the relationship you’ve got with your landlord, personally, I think it is worth a gentle negotiation: You don’t want to leave him, thinking that there’s no way you can afford the extra £300, because otherwise he might decide to try to find someone who can.