I would recommend reading Divas and Doorslammers by Charlie Taylor, @Squabblingsquirrels. He says that, during adolescence, the teenage brain is actually rewiring, and that during this process, they can lose certain abilities - impulse control, temper control, empathy, sense of proportion, understanding that they aren't centre of the universe - which go a long way to explaining why teenagers can be so teenage!
He says it is akin to temporary brain damage, but that it is temporary, and once the rewiring has settled down, most, if not all of these abilities come back.
I had this book when ds3 was a teenager. His two older brothers were reasonably good during their teenage years, but ds3 was explosive and difficult - I remember my mum saying that I had had things easy with ds1 and ds2, and so I deserved one difficult teen - thanks Mum!
He did come out the other side - we all survived his teenage years - and is now a delightful man (though I might be a bit biased). Basically, over the space of a couple of days he 1) did his homework without being reminded, 2) tidied his bedroom without being nagged and 3) gave me an unsolicited hug - it was a night to day change!
I didn't get the chance to read the whole book, but it definitely helped me to understand why ds3 was the way he was. If I recall correctly, he also talks about how to handle the teenage years, but as ds3 turned 27 this year, it is quite a long time ago, and memory has faded.