I have EBF (4 years / 2.5 years / 2.5+ years ongoing) and they didn't sleep through before about 2.5 years.
I think it's a correlation and I think the actual cause is probably a combination of the child's individual temperament and the parents' behaviour - but I have a bit of a theory about this.
Basically when you get woken up at night by a baby (or anything) every drive that you have, every survival instinct wants you to go back to sleep ASAP while having expended the least possible amount of effort.
If you're breastfeeding on demand and for comfort and at any time (and you're past the first bit where you might have latch issues etc) then the quickest and easiest way to go back to sleep ASAP is to feed the baby as soon as it's clear they aren't going to go back to sleep on their own. If they're in a next-to-me type crib or co-sleeping then you probably do it even sooner than this, at the first whimper. Because you can go back to sleep even if the baby is latched on and lying next to you, and it's quicker to just scoot them over than to wonder if they are going to wake up properly or not. It doesn't matter how long it's been since they last woke up, it's always easiest to feed them and so that is what you in your half-asleep zombie state will want to do, and are most likely to do. The baby will fall asleep at the breast and you'll either put them back down and go back to bed or you'll fall asleep with them if you're co-sleeping. Your hormones are engineered to make you sleepy when you feed too, probably because evolution is trying to get you to expend as little energy as possible when feeding your baby at night.
If you're bottle feeding, it's a lot more of a pain to feed because you have to get the bottle, which might be in another room and maybe even on a different floor, you might actually have to go and make the bottle too, or warm it up. You have to sit up, have enough light to see, and actively feed them. You can't fall asleep while you do it. It's going to be a whole lot easier if you can get them to sleep another way. You are probably going to ignore them a little bit first because your half asleep zombie brain is going "Noooo, be a fart be a fart be a dream" (hoping they resettle themselves quickly). If this doesn't work and you do have to get up to them you're probably going to ssssh or stroke, try a dummy, or just cuddle them a bit first rather than start the whole feed thing which is going to guarantee you're up for at least another 15 minutes. That might work, depending on what woke them up and what sleep stage they are in, sometimes you can just tip them back over the edge to sleep again like that, so they don't have a feed. If it doesn't work and they do want to feed, they might fall asleep on the bottle but they also might not. It's not an endless (ish) supply like breastfeeding so the milk might run out before they fall asleep. You might hold them until they're asleep anyway, but equally, if they are happy you also might just put them down (that mythical "drowsy but awake").
You might co-sleep if they are a baby who hates being put down, but IME most of the time, past the newborn stage, a deeply asleep baby can be put down. Breastfed or not. So the breastfeeding-specific advantage of co-sleeping is being able to safely feed and doze.
If the baby wakes again less than X hours later, especially if you don't have a bottle already prepared, you're going to try even harder to settle them in other ways because you're going to be thinking "she can't be hungry again!" and/or "oh no I really don't want to have to go down to the kitchen!"
So the breastfed baby is more likely to be getting fed promptly at every feed, let fall asleep at the breast and either put down deeply asleep or they stay asleep next to mum.
But the bottle fed baby is having more of a delay before feeding, the parent(s) are trying other things first, they are less likely to feed to sleep, they are more likely to be put down awake, more likely to have a dummy.
I do actually think sleep is mainly developmental and individual, especially in the first year or so, and you can't necessarily teach a baby to self-settle if they aren't inclined that way. And I don't like all the moralising around sleep, like feeding to sleep is a "bad habit" no, fuck off, it's lovely. There's no reason to bring good and bad into this IMO.
But the bottle fed baby in my example is getting lots of experiences where they fall asleep, happy and secure and satisfied either by a parent's touch, or the comfort from sucking their dummy, or just because they feel warm and full and safe and their cot is the place that they've fallen asleep before, and so when they have brief night time awakenings as we all do, everything is as they expect, and as they get older they just start to drift back off to sleep in that situation rather than crying out for you.
Whereas the breastfed baby is experiencing lots of mum being very close and milk being available very easily. And while they will start to stretch out feeds naturally, when they have those brief awakenings, some of the time they will be thinking (not necessarily a conscious narrative) "I sleep with Mummy. I want to be in Mummy's bed." Or even "Where is Mummy? I'm not safe without her". Then they will cry for you, whereas a baby who is used to being in their own space, who feels safe in their own space, won't.
It's not magic, it's just biology - sleep happens when they have enough of the right hormones (being tired, being sleepy) AND nothing is keeping them alert (stress, discomfort, hunger, cold, light, noise) AND they feel safe/secure. You have control over some of this but not all of it. Some children also have more sensitivity to certain kinds of stress (e.g. sensory). It takes quite a bit of effort compared with just breastfeeding ASAP to develop that safety and security and familiarity with a different situation. The difference is if you're not breastfeeding, then you never have the breastfeeding option so you're stuck with the more effortful option from the start and it doesn't pay off until later.
I think there's not really a huge amount of difference - it's mainly luck until you get towards the end of the first year. That's when it seems to diverge IME - which might be where the extended breastfeeding connection comes in. Probably if you're intending to wind down BF by 12 months, then you're already switching more to night time behaviour closer to the "bottle fed" example, maybe even consciously adopting some sort of sleep training approach. Whereas someone who is still feeding on demand and doesn't have any end date in mind is likely to simply continue what they have been doing all along.