It's a well known issue, there's information on the pumps. However, it's easily solvable for most people, but like many things, unfortunately most likely that the most vulnerable people are the ones who fall through the cracks.
I nearly got caught out once as I went out with just my phone and 'spending' card on me, I don't use phone pay, and don't know if the pumps take this anyway, but I'm also terrible for not buying petrol until I have to, so I probably wouldn't have got much further. My car only costs about £50 to fill up anyway, I had about £70 in the account I had my card for, but it wouldn't accept that because it wasn't more than £120. V annoying, but I could transfer money from my main account to my spending account so the card would be accepted.
Other solutions:
Either make sure you have sufficient money (or authorised overdraft facility) in your account that it doesn't matter, or
Use a credit card that's cleared in full every month - credit cards are very useful for lots of things that are nothing to do with spending money you don't have so get one if you can. Most people can unless they already have a history of bad credit - there's credit builder cards, or you should qualify with the bank you have your current account with.
See if you can get a small authorised overdraft, and pretend it doesn't exist. However, it will allow you to buy petrol, or other things, while the 'hold' is still in place.
Or, pay at the kiosk, not at the pump. Might need some planning/using a different petrol station, as a lot of places are unstaffed, either all the time, or out of 'normal' hours.