ico.org.uk/for-organisations/report-a-breach/personal-data-breach-assessment/
ec.europa.eu/newsroom/article29/items/612052
A breach can potentially have a range of significant adverse effects on individuals, which can result in
physical, material, or non-material damage. The GDPR explains that this can include loss of control over their personal data, limitation of their rights, discrimination, identity theft or fraud, financial loss,
unauthorised reversal of pseudonymisation, damage to reputation, and loss of confidentiality of
personal data protected by professional secrecy. It can also include any other significant economic or social disadvantage to those individuals17
.
Accordingly, the GDPR requires the controller to notify a breach to the competent supervisory authority, unless it is unlikely to result in a risk of such adverse effects taking place. Where there is a likely high risk of these adverse effects occurring, the GDPR requires the controller to communicate the breach to the affected individuals as soon as is reasonably feasible
Some types of personal data may seem at first relatively innocuous, however, what that data may reveal about the affected individual should be carefully considered. A list of customers accepting regular deliveries may not be particularly sensitive, but the same data about customers who have
requested that their deliveries be stopped while on holiday would be useful information to criminals.
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In the examples:
. Personal data of a large number of students are mistakenly sent to the wrong mailing list with 1000+ recipients.
Yes, report to supervisory authority.
Yes, report to individuals depending on the scope and type of personal data
involved and the severity of possible consequences
. A direct marketing e-mail is sent to recipients in the “to:” or “cc:” fields, thereby
enabling each recipient to see the email address of other recipients.
Yes, notifying the supervisory authority may be obligatory if a large number of individuals are affected, if sensitive data are revealed (e.g. a mailing list of a psychotherapist) or if other factors present high risks (e.g. the mail contains the
initial passwords)
Yes, report to individuals depending on the scope and type of personal data
involved and the severity of possible consequences.
Notification may not be necessary if no sensitive data is revealed and if
only a minor number of email addresses are revealed
So - a large volume of email addresses of local people have been revealed. Which is the last example.