I'm on a low budget, but often cook from scratch, but then I cook very basic "British" or Italian dishes. So don't need a spice cupboard as such.
It's prominently meat and two veg in this house with the odd Chinese/curry or Mexican, but then those are bought as kits to make and I can afford the outlay on them.
I'll do things like roast a chicken on Sunday, even though there is only two of us. I'll then use some for the Sunday dinner. Then you get cold cuts for sandwiches, the thighs make a after school snack.
Common meals in our house cooked from scratch:
Sausage peas and mash
Spaghetti Bolognese
Sunday dinners (various meats/joints)
Cornbeef pie and beans
Gammon egg, chips and peas
Cawl/stew/split pea soup with dumplings
Macaroni cheese
Chili and rice
Sausage casserole
Shepard's pie or cottage pie
Toad in the hole.
Then your more ready made/kits
Tacos
Fajitas
Fish fingers/fish cakes or chicken nuggets from frozen
Stir fry bought as a kit
Curries bought as a kit
Frozen pizza
I can make bread from scratch but I have to be in the mood, it's all done by hand and I need the time and patience to knead the dough. I always make pastry for pasties and pies from scratch I also make suet dumplings from scratch.
I just don't have a wealth of a spice cupboard or the upfront cost to put one together so I'll just buy the kit for those one off meals.
I know eating tradition British dishes aren't as fun or a wealth of flavours, but they cost less. Between the greengrocer and the butcher in the market you can shop pretty cheaply for the week. Also you can ask the butcher for the cheaper cuts for things like stews and curries.
My pantry mainly consists of staples like various flour, yeast, bicarb, sugar, salt, pepper and the odd jar of dried rosemary, thyme, province herbs, Italian herbs.
So I can make pastry, cakes and bread. Just need a pack of eggs and some milk in the house. The dried herbs just lift the odd dish.