The anxiety and her over-the-top criticism of you are two sides of one emotional coin.
Think how aware your daughter is about every "wrong move" you make. Breathing wrong, coughing wrong.
She thinks, on some level, that everyone is paying this much attention not just to your behaviors, but to hers. She thinks the whole world is noticing every time she acts "cringe." And she sees cringe everywhere.
She's taking it out on you because she sees you as being, to some degree, herself, so it's ok for her to subject you to the awful stuff her subconscious is saying.
None of this is to say that she should be allowed to do this. But the way to talk to her about it is probably to use a discussion of the coughing or breathing wrong stuff to bring up that it seems like if her criticism of others is this big, it's probably because her criticism of herself is that big. Does she worry she is too loud, takes up too much space? She sees what you do as reflecting on her. You can take every one of her criticisms as being a displaced self-criticism, something she's reminding herself to do all the time (imagine focusing so much on breathing quietly so people don't judge you that you don't even really hear what other people are saying -- that's teenage anxiety for you!).
This phase passes for some kids, but not for kids whose parents indulge anxiety by removing anxiety triggers. Proper anxiety therapy involves confronting anxious beliefs and deliberately desensitizing. She needs to realize that no one notices all these things but her, in order to make progress.