I see a lot of interesting comments, imho the most notable from those who have lived through experiences and have first hand knowledge.
I think 2 things affect the housing market above all, unemployment levels and interest rates. Fortunately at the moment the first does not appear to be much of an issue.
Interest rates are an issue but before I get onto that something else unprecedented is at play. That is the balance of household expenditure. In the last 2 years of the pandemic many have had limited acess to spend money on other things such as eating out, foreign holidays, etc. This means more has been accumulated in savings, and more diverted towards household expenditure. This has fuelled the rising housing market.
What is occurring now is rebalancing back to historic norms. People are going out more, and spending more on non housing. Allied to this we have rising inflation which puts a further squeeze on household finances. The amount families have to spend on housing costs will definitely have fallen vs 12/18 months ago. I believe markedly so.
Then you throw rising interest rates into the mix and things get worse, its another squeeze.
So perhaps 12/18 months ago a household maybe had income of £3,000pm and spent £1,000 on a mortgage, and it was fine. But now that mortgage is £1,200 a month, their back in work and have travel expenses, want a new car, holiday, visiting friends, family etc, it all costs. Things are tough.
Now some may say it's fine because lots of mortgages are fixed. When these deals end people are in for a shock as the new deals will be far higher. Also you have another thing in play, if house prices fall, and I am sure they will, applicants then may be faced with a higher LTV. If I bought say a £300k property and had £75k deposit then I'd have 25% down and would get a deal considering that. If house prices fall even 5% my equity drops from £75k to £60k and that 25% deal is no longer on the table, so I drop to a 15% deal and pay even more.
People forget that mortgages are leveraged products, instead they look at the romanticism of the rising property market.
This will be painful. I would not be surprised if interest rates reach 3%, and this resulted in London prices falling 15-20%. Across the country I believe it will be more pronounced, perhaps 25%.