Professionally I work on many construction projects which have a mix of HA and private residences. For the vast majority, the only difference between them are the internal fit out. The external fabric of the building is the same no matter who is the end user. A developer will use the cheapest of materials to construct the home whether it is HA or private. Someone coming to buy the house won’t look at the windows or external walls to decide whether the house is worth paying for, they look at the quality of the kitchen and bathroom fittings.
The reason the look of HA/Council estates can be different, is because many have bought in to initiatives such as “places for people” which is quite specific about requirements for buildings and communal spaces. They often focus more on sustainability and environmental issues so the lack of a garage or driveway is because they are looking to reduce the number of cars in the area, not because of any legislation that says new private homes have to have garages (they don’t - that is market driven) These areas are more likely to have the planning gain aspects like amenity buildings because the council can’t be seen to be trying to avoid them being part of a project. This changes the look of an area too.
The look of the buildings externally is driven by architectural trends and planning. These colourful cladding panels are all the rage at the moment and are common to pretty much any resi project I’m on both public and private. Perhaps the reason you’re seeing them more on council projects is, these types of housing, more flatted or multiple occupancy buildings are currently more likely to be council led at the moment. Developers are focussing more on larger semi or detached developments as profits are better and its where the market currently lies.
It isn’t being done to somehow “badge” these buildings, but more because of individual HAs having the same architects who design for them across multiple projects, and the HA having their own preferred look. It’s the same thing as a Persimmon estate looking different from a Barratt estate or a Taylor Wimpey one.
Why are would any council or any builder use cladding on any building after that horrendous fire?
Because not all cladding is created equal. Cladding is a perfectly acceptable external wall finish if the correct spec is chosen and it is installed properly. The failings were not in the choice to have cladding, they were in the choice of which cladding, the checking and sampling process, and the final check of the installation.