I was always slim - by modern standards I would have been a size 6/8 for most of my teens/twenties.
Between 29-36 I’ve somehow gained 3 stone and am now a vanity sized size 12 and not that far off the obese category (around half a stone). Health problems have played a part and inactivity. My metabolism is affected by my illness which affects my endocrine system. I also gained most of my weight following a coeliac disease diagnosis and once I stopped eating gluten, I piled the weight on.
Anyway for most people who gain weight as younger adults (early mid 20s), I feel it’s a combination of the following things;
Being totally in charge of their mealtime structure for the first time. Most university freshers gain weight quickly due to not living at home anymore and they have terrible eating habits (I teach at a university). Lots of frozen foods, cheap takeaways, unhealthy choices at the refectory. So whereas at home they might have dashed out to school on just a slice of toast or bowl of cereal, had a small packed lunch or healthy choice at the food policed school canteen and then come home to a home cooked meal, at university the day often looks different. Full English breakfast for £1.50, or a sausage barm cake and a latte from Greggs for £2.20, a tuna melt panini with a bag of crisps and a bottle of coke from the refectory for £2.50 at lunch, a cheap Iceland pizza and oven chips or wedges for dinner peppered with Starbucks or Costa coffee and cake or chocolate throughout the day. Then at the weekends lots of cheap booze, kebabs, takeaways, spending most of Sunday in bed completely inactive.
On that note; Alcohol in general! Going from not drinking at all to perhaps drinking quite excessively after 18 will like weight on. In my late teens, early 20s the biggest girls in my friendship group were also the ones who drank the most alcohol. It’s far too easy to drink calories!
Sometimes giving up childhood hobbies plays a part. If you attended dance classes or gym or figure skating most days after school and now you don’t or you were on school sports teams training after school, playing in fixtures and tournaments most weekends and then you stop, your body will change quite quickly as your fitness levels decrease.
Self discipline and responsibility isn’t quite there yet and the shops aimed at those on a lower income, as many young adults will be, often have cheaper unhealthy foods marketed as “good deals”. Chocolate, sweets, crisps etc all extremely cheap in Poundland. Mini pizzas and cheap sausages in Iceland sound like a better and less time consuming lunch option than making a healthy homemade soup or sandwich at home. Not many years before you’d have had a parent controlling what you eat, telling you “no, you can’t eat the entire multipack of mars bars and a family sized bag of Doritos as a snack!” but without that, some people struggle to no when to stop or how to force yourself to make healthier choices. Often the stricter a parent has been around food, the more the young adult will rebel.
If you can compare childhood to adulthood and see no differences whatsoever in your eating, drinking and exercise habits and you’ve other accompanying symptoms then it might be worth seeing a doctor to rule out a physical cause for truly unexplained weight gain.