AIBU to think this is a pretty old fashioned way of thinking?
Actually, the reverse is true. It's a very modern way of thinking. Years ago it was easy to go all the way to the top with no degree in many businesses and industries.
If you look at some of the top strata of earners around 45-65 years old, especially in banking, finance and insurance there are many, many people who do not have degrees. Those times have gone. No-one walks off the street at 16 or 18 on the day they leave school and into a back office job in a bank, or as office junior in an advertising company answering the phones and doing a bit of typing like they did in the eighties and gets to progress all the way to the top if they are good enough. These days even with degrees you are often expected to submit yourself to the slavery of an unpaid internship first. It's a disgrace.
My DH doesn't have a degree but he only recruits people who do. It's not his choice, it's company policy. He was lucky they made an exception for him, puely because he is so experienced in his industry and came from the era before degrees were essential to get a foot in the door. I think the issue now is that almost all reasonably bright and ambitious people do go to university so it is assumed (often wrongly) by employers that if you didn't go you either weren't intellectually capable or weren't sufficiently motivated or disciplined.
If he were much younger he would probably not have been considered without a degree but then he wouldn't have had 30 years + of highly relevant experience either.
In the end if employers need a very specifically experienced person in a niche area they may have a relatively small pool to pick from so they have to take a view on it. They might decide that the quality of the experience trumps the qualifications. In my DHs case he does have chartered professional body qualifications though, just no degree.
In your case OP, you are still very young so I doubt very much you have the sort of experience that is difficult to find elsewhere.