Well there's plenty of evidence from Scandinavian countries for them to draw on, where family friendly policies in the workplace aimed at promoting equality of opportunity have seen them become quite successful at closing the gap.
Nope. Try again.
The Nordic countries have very high rates of female labor force participation. Their record of on the pay gap is mediocre:
When it comes to pay, the difference between gross average hourly earnings of male and female employees in Denmark, Iceland and Norway is only slightly below the EU average of 16%. In Finland the figure creeps to 16.7%. Sweden comes out best with 12.3%, but still lags behind Luxembourg, Italy and Romania, which all manage a pay gap of 5% or less.
The reason for this is that it's normal for women with kids to work in the Nordic countries but a really large number of them work part-time or second-earner-track type jobs, very often in the public sector.
The tax system in the Nordic countries tends to make part-time work viable, and the public sector is very large, supply huge numbers of "safe" non-stressful jobs which a lot of mums like to do (but which of course tend to earn quite a lot less than jobs in the more competitive private sector).
The high cost of labor in the Nordic countries makes "domestic substitution" type services (nannies, housekeepers, cleaners) expensive, so a lot of women make the decision that it makes more sense for them to go part-time/stay on the second-earner job track so they can cover more of the domestic matters, rather than aim for managerial level and outsource all the domestic work, which impacts on the number of women in management positions. The % of female managers is lower in the Nordic countries than it is in the US, for example. Yes, men could do more of this domestic work, but they never do as much of it as women, not even in the Nordic countries.
As for the futurethe % of women among STEM degree graduates is unusually low in the Nordic countrieslower than in the UK, US or in most of the Mediterranean, Eastern European or emerging-economy countries.
The Nordic economic model just involves different sets of trade-offs. It's dicey to just assume that the pay gap "must" be low in the Nordic because they are such nice countries or whatever. For what it's worth, I think I'd be happy to live in a Nordic country, but then I'm only moderately ambitious and like to work reasonable hours and have more time with my kids (like a lot of women!) If I were a super go-getter who wanted to take over the boardroom, perhaps it wouldn't be so great.