In New Zealand, we bought all our own stationery, cooking ingredients, school trips, swimming, and got asked for an annual donation. There are firm rules on what schools are allowed to charge for, and also, surrounding the donation - what they can and cannot do with non-payers - which is very little. The integrated (state but posh, with high 'donations' expected) schools generally try it on, though.
I was treasurer for our primary school. I thought budgeting as a poor university student was hard. It's a hell of a lot worse budgeting for a school.
My girls were aghast at the technology equipment in their school (an academy). It's like something out of the dark ages apparently. In NZ, we were moving to Bring Your Own Device - so once again, parents paying.
There was help available however, if needed and requested. Also, the option of paying the donation weekly or monthly.
Like over here, the schools are underfunded, and often oversubscribed. And yes, over there too, teachers are buying supplies from their own pockets. Along with a bottle of their favourite tipple, I always gave the primary teachers a gift card to a stationery shop. . .