Having worked for an organisation which encouraged people towards Umbrella companies for contracting work (after the time period where this particular scheme was in operation, but when others which could be considered tax avoidance still operated), I am completely on the side of the workers. Imagine a scenario where you sign up with a temp agency for a ‘higher level’ role - anything paying more than about £25 ph really - and rather than being employed PAYE by the agency, they tell you if you talk to this umbrella company who can increase your take home. You are told everything is legal, it gets explained briefly, and the agency say they will only use you if you use the Umbrella, or your own limited company. They won’t work with you if you are simply self employed because the tax liability is unclear, and could sit with the agency or their end client which isn’t acceptable. They don’t tell you that the agency gets a ‘processing fee’ from the umbrella for every timesheet you submit, and that the agency keeps the employers NI it would have paid if it employed you which makes you considerably more profitable to them.
The system has been corrupted for a very long time, and the corporate profit made by agency and umbrella and the reduction in risk and outlay for the client far exceed any personal gain made by the contractor themeselves.
Yes personal responsibility plays a part, and I wouldn’t be paid that way myself even at the time. But the apportioning I’d blame is incorrect here.
(I left the whole recruitment industry over this issue, it was morally corrupt four years ago even after the changes to public sector contractors. Disguised employment all over the place)