It does sound like migraine, I get them, they were diagnosed many years ago. The pattern you describe sounds just like mine, right up to the tiredness after the actual migraine has ended.
See your GP, effective remedies are available OTC but are very expensive for one dose. Sumitriptan tablets are cheap to the NHS (1 100mg tablet is about 6p) but one dose (two tablets) will cost you £10 or so OTC. It works for about 50% of people, but Solpadol soluble (30/100 cocodamol, prescription only) can make the pain manageable. 30mg is a lot of codeine, though.
Sumitriptan (Imigran) aborts a migraine; Solpadol (painkiller) can help you through it.
Buccastem (available OTC - 8 tablets) can help if you're throwing up. You stick it to your upper gum and let it dissolve.
Triggers for me are aspartame (lethal!), fruit juice from concentrate, pork, not enough sleep, irregular meals, neon or flashing lighting if I'm tired. Pork's an interesting one, I can eat air-cured ham that doesn't have any preservatives or flavour enhancers in it, but not cooked ham.
Definitely try to work out what the triggers are for you, and see your GP.
On a separate note, it's generally reckoned that migraine affects women more than men. I think that's rubbish. From observation at work, I think men prefer to say they have a hangover rather than they get migraines.